The effects and implications of using ergogenic aids for exercise and sports performance

Throughout the history of drama, ergogenic aids have always been taken to enhance achievement at sport. However, in practically recent times physiological surviveledge has improved and in that respect atomic number 18 m either more ergogenic aids becoming avail qualified for athletes. Some of these aids atomic number 18 healthy and some are illegal. Therefore, when haveing as a coach, it is important to know which are legal and which are illegal so that you undersurface annul any risk of your athlete being prosecuted.One ergogenic aid that is verboten is cable doping. This practice involves the athletes taking a certain amount of beginning out of their body and frozen. Their bodies exit indeed make up for this kind loss and by and by that a nonwithstanding is complete, the line of business that they took out is injected back into them. This process has a constructive effect on sports performance as the out tote up of red blood cells in your body is chang e magnitude. Blood doping is most usually apply by survival athletes, much(prenominal) as outperform runners, skiers and cyclists. By increasing the number of red blood cells within the blood, higher volumes of hemoglobin are present. Haemoglobin binds to and carries Oxygen from the lungs and to the muscles where it earth-closet be customd for aerobiotic respiration. Blood doping therefore allows extra Oxygen to be transported to the working muscles, resulting in a higher direct of performance, without the use of the anaerobic energy systems.However, there are also many military position personal personal effectuate to blood doping. Re injecting blood can fetch many problems. Firstly it can intimately cause infection to the athlete which can result in stock ticker problems such as a tit attack. It can also cause blood clots in the body which can be fatal, jaundice which is the skin, eyeball and body fluids turning yellow.One ensample of blood doping being used was at the winter Olympics. Six Austrian skiers had all been found to be using to using blood doping in an attempt to improve in the cross country skiing emergence. The skiers were called Wolfgang Perner and Wolfgang Rottmann and the cross-country skiers Martin Tauber, Jurgen Pinter, Johannes Eder, Roland Diethart and Christian Hoffmann. This particular event is an aerobic event as it lasts for a foresighted time, with the competitors c everyplaceing massive distances. Therefore the extra red blood cells in their bodies would have meant that they were able to go on more than longer and faster than they would normally be able to. As a punishment, all six skiers were criminalize for life sentence from the OlympicsA second exercising of a prohibited ergogenic aid in sport is diuretics. Diuretics are banned in sports because they can dish with encumbrance loss and could also be used to speed up the exclusion of doses from the system. This can be real helpful to athletes competing in many contrastive sports such as boxing, horse racing or rowing. One deterrent example would be a boxer that has put on weight amidst fights and is therefore too heavy for the weight category they are struggle in. Diuretics would help them to lose weight much more quickly than by natural means and they would be able to pass the weigh in.They help the sportsperson lose weight by increasing the volume of urine produced by promoting the excretion of salts and water from the kidney. This results in them losing a lot of water by means of urine, which causes them to lose weight very quickly. The second reason they are banned is, if you take a banned substance that is excreted through urine, it could speed up the elimination of drugs from the system. If it is being used in this way, it is not so much an aid to improve performance but could cover up for some former(a) prohibited aid.There are two main fount effects to diuretics that damage a persons performance levels in sport. The first of these is dehydration. Diuretics work by removing all excess water and this means that dehydration often occurs. This give immediately have an effect on sports performance. Firstly, blood will capture thicker and therefore more difficult to pump around the body, resulting in little atomic number 8 being carried through the blood to the muscles. The body will then overheat due to an inability to sweat because of dehydration. Finally, Waste products such as lactic acid are not discreeted due to water conversation. A second effect on sports performance is muscles weakening, which is very important for sports large number such as knickers. This is due to the poor blood supply to muscles.An example of the consequences that diuretics can cause is in boxers. They used to have the weigh in on the day of the fight. This meant that any boxer using diuretics would have to use them on the same day as they were fighting. The diuretics would get rid of any excess water in the body but the problem was that it took outside the layer of water between the skull and the brain. This layer of liquid protects the brain from collision the side of the skull when knocked. Therefore, without this protection, many boxers developed brain damage afterwards years of boxing.Another prohibited ergogenic aid is beta blockers. Beta blockers are banned in many sports due to their ability to slow the center of attention rate. It is precision sports such as snooker, darts and diving that they improve performance in as they give you more control over svelte movements.Beta blockers are normally given for the treatment of angina, high blood pressure, irregular heart beats or following a heart attack. They act by interfering and inhibiting certain nerve impulses being patrimonial through the nervous system. They act by reducing the demand of group O required by the heart, cut heart rate and reduce the product of adrenalin.There are many possible side-effects of these drugs, but some nation may not suffer from any. Possible effects include dizziness and fainting caused by the medications lowering heart rate too much and blood vessels can narrow causing cold and pale fingers and toes.On the other hand, there are also permitted ergogenic aids. This means that they can improve sports performance, but are still allowed by governing bodies of sports. One example of this is superlative training. natural elevation training is very useful to any sports people that are competing in aerobic events. Many long distance runners either come from countries at high lift or move there to train.Altitude training works because when the athlete trains at high altitude, there is very little oxygen in the air. The body soon adapts to this change of oxygen available and produces more red blood cells than normal. This means that there is increased haemoglobin levels in the blood that arent lost when the athlete returns back to lower altitude to compete. These effects usually last for about two weeks after altitude training and result in much better endurance levels.There are very few side effects to altitude training as long as athletes do not over train themselves at altitude. It has been scientifically proven to have positive effects on performance.Altitude training is proven to have a positive effect on sporting performance b the Kenyan long distance runners. For years they have dominated all long distance running events. Kenya is at a very high altitude and the effects that the athletes get from training in their home country is proven in the times on the track.Another permitted ergogenic aid is psychological techniques. The increased punctuate of competitions can cause athletes to react both physically and mentally in a manner that can negatively affect their performance abilities. They may become tense, their heart rates race, break into sweat, worry about the proceeds of the competition or find it hard to concentrate on the travail in hand.Th ere are many different psychological techniques that can be used to combat these effects on the body. These include imagination techniques, liberalisation techniques and goal setting. There are three psychological factors which athletes mustiness have control over to improve performance. These are authorisation, control and commitment. assumption is improved through mental imagery. Using imagery, the athlete is able to animadvert a previous good performance, remembering how they felt and acted. It also allows you to approximate yourself winning at the end, feeling like you have already been in the same situation and improving confidence. Control is improved through relaxation techniques. An example of a relaxation technique is through surmise. If athletes complete meditation before competing, they will be able to be much more relaxed and have control over what they are doing. The final technique that athletes can use is goal setting, which can improve commitment in sport. If t hey are given something to aim for, with multiple small aims along the way, they are more likely to complete any objectives they have.There are no side effects to psychological techniques as long as they have the needful skills to complete them.An example of psychological skills improving performance in sport is through Johnny Wilkinson. Whenever he is kicking a conversion, he pictures an immemorial woman standing at the other side of the goal posts that catches the ball. This improves confidence and concentration as it makes the task at hand seem much simpler.One of the very few drugs that is allowed my governing bodies of all sports is paracetamol. These have been seen to not improve sporting performance and therefore are not banned. However, they could be used to help a performance in certain sports.Paracetamol work as distract killers. Therefore, any sport that requires its participants to go through twinge may benefit from paracetamol. One example of a sport where athletes go through pain in is boxing. If boxers took some paracetamol before loss out to fight, it is possible that it will help cover some of the pain when they are getting punched. They are most comm unless used for aches such as head aches so they may also chuck up the sponge the boxers from getting head aches after being punched.It is not just border sports however that deal with aches and pains. Nearly all sports at the top level require its participants to push their bodies to their absolute limit and through the pain barrier. A sport such as long distance running for example will cause a lot of aches on the athletes body and paracetamol will help cover these.There are very few side effects to paracetamol as they are widely used by everyone to stop pains. This means that we know more about the dangers than we would of a new drug that may be illegal, as it is used by less people. The only danger would be if the athlete took an overdose which could cause serious problems or be fatal.